I-China iye yahlala kuMars

NguJoey RouletteIhlaziyiweNgoMeyi 14, 2021, 8:50pm EDT

I-China yafumana isibini sayo sokuqala seerobhothi kumphezulu weMars ngolwesiHlanu, imithombo yeendaba edibene norhulumenteiqinisekisiwekumajelo eendaba ezentlalo, ibe lilizwe lesibini ukwenza oko ngempumelelo emva kokoyisa ulandelelwano lwemizuzu esixhenxe lokufika.Isiphekepheke selizwe i-Tianwen-1 sakhupha i-rover-lander bundle ukuze sithintele iMartian malunga ne-7PM ET, siqalisa uthumo lokufunda imozulu ye-Red Planet kunye nejoloji.

Imishini iphawula uhambo lokuqala oluzimeleyo lwaseTshayina ukuya kuMars, malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-200 ukusuka eMhlabeni.Kuphela yiNASA eye yakwazi ngempumelelo emhlabeni kunye nokusebenza iirovers kwiplanethi kwixesha elidlulileyo.(Isiphekepheke seMars 3 seSoviet Union sahlala kwisijikelezi-langa ngowe-1971 saza sanxibelelana malunga nemizuzwana engama-20 ngaphambi kokuba kumnyama ngokungalindelekanga.) Umsebenzi waseTshayina, oquka iziphekepheke ezithathu ezisebenza kunye, untsonkothile ngamandla kumntu wokuqala—imishini yokuqala yase-US, iViking 1. ngo-1976, ibandakanya kuphela umnini-mhlaba othunyelwe kwiprobe yayo.

Ukufika kwenzeka e-Utopia Planitia, indawo ethe tyaba yomhlaba waseMartian kunye nommandla ofanayo apho i-Viking 2 lander ye-NASA yafika khona ngo-1976. irobhothi enenjini ethiywe ngothixo womlilo kwiintsomi zamandulo zamaTshayina.I-rover iphethe izixhobo ze-onboard, kuquka iikhamera ezimbini, i-Mars-Rover Subsurface Exploration Radar, iMars Magnetic Field Detector, kunye ne-Mars Meteorology Monitor.

Isiphekepheke se-Tianwen-1 esasungulwa kwiSiza sokuQaliswa kweZixhobo zase-Wenchang kwiphondo lase-China lase-Hainan ngomhla wama-23 kaJulayi kulo nyaka uphelileyo, siqalisa uhambo lweenyanga ezisixhenxe ukuya kwiPlanethi eBomvu.I-spacecraft trio "isebenze ngokuqhelekileyo" okoko yangena kwi-Mars orbit ngoFebruwari, i-China National Space Administration (CNSA) yatsho kwingxelo yangoLwesihlanu kusasa.Iqokelele “isixa esikhulu” solwazi lwenzululwazi yaza yafota iifoto zikaMars ngoxa ikwindlela yayo.

Ifoto nguWang Zhao / AFP ngeGetty Images

I-orbiter ye-Tianwen-1, ibambe i-rover-lander bundle, ijonge indawo yokumisa i-Utopia Planitia isithuba esingaphezu kweenyanga ezintathu, ibhabha kufutshane ne-Mars rhoqo ngeeyure ezingama-49 kwi-elliptical orbit (ipateni ye-orbital emile okweqanda), ngokutsho.Andrew Jones, intatheli echaza imisebenzi yaseTshayina emajukujukwini.

Ngoku ekummandla weMartian, iZhurong rover iza kuqalisa uhambo lweenyanga ezintathu ubuncinane lokufunda imozulu kaMars nokwakheka komhlaba.

"Umsebenzi ophambili we-Tianwen-1 kukwenza uphando lwehlabathi kunye nolubanzi lweplanethi iphela kusetyenziswa i-orbiter, kunye nokuthumela i-rover kwindawo engaphezulu yomdla wesayensi ukwenza uphando oluneenkcukacha ngokuchanekileyo kunye nesisombululo," izazinzulu eziphezulu zemishini.wabhala ngaphakathiI-Astronomy yeNdalokunyaka ophelile.I-rover emalunga ne-240kg iphantse yaphinda kabini ubunzima bee-rovers zase-China zase-Yutu Moon.

I-Tianwen-1 ligama lothumo lulonke lukaMars, oluthiywe ngombongo omde othi “Tianwen,” othetha “Imibuzo Eya eZulwini.”Iphawula yamva nje kulandelelwano olukhawulezayo lwenkqubela phambili yokuhlola indawo yaseTshayina.Ilizwe libe lilizwe lokuqala embalini ukubaumhlaba kwaye usebenzise i-roverkwicala elikude leNyanga ngo-2019. Iphinde yagqiba amission isampula yenyanga emfutshanengoDisemba kulo nyaka uphelileyo, ngokuphehlelela irobhothi eNyangeni kwaye ngokukhawuleza uyibuyisela eMhlabeni kunye ne-cache yamatye eNyanga ukuze ivavanywe.

 Ifoto ngu-STR / AFP nge-Getty Images

Kutshanje, iTshayina isungule imodyuli yokuqala engundoqo yesikhululo sayo esicwangcisiweyo sendawo, iTianhe, eza kusebenza njengeendawo zokuhlala zamaqela oosomajukujuku.Irokethi eyazisa loo modyuli ivelise iisiphithiphithi samazwe ngamazwephezu kwendawo eMhlabeni enokungena kwakhona.(Ekugqibeleniiphinde yangenangaphaya koLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya, kwaye iziqwenga ezinkulu zerokethi zabaleka malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-30 ukusuka kwisiqithi esiseMaldives, utshilo urhulumente waseTshayina.)

Ngaphandle kolu hambo lwamabhongo oluya kuMars kunye neerobhothi ezintathu zazo, ugxininiso lwaseTshayina lubonakala luzinzile eNyangeni - indawo efanayo kwangoko yenkqubo ye-Artemis yeNASA.Ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, Chinaizicwangciso ezibhengeziweyoukwakha isikhululo sasemajukujukwini senyanga kunye nokusekela phezu kweNyanga kunye neRussia, iqabane leNASA ixesha elide kwiSikhululo saMajukujuku saMazwe ngaMazwe.