Uguqulo lwaseLwandle kunye neMpembelelo yokuPhunyezwa ngokusesikweni kwe-RCEP kuShishino loRhwebo lwaNgaphandle.

Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lorhwebo lwehlabathi, uthutho lwaselwandle ludlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwikhonkco lolungiselelo lwehlabathi.Utshintsho lwaselwandle lwakutsha nje kunye nokuphunyezwa ngokusemthethweni koBudlelwane boQoqosho obuBanzi boMmandla (RCEP) lube nefuthe elimandla kushishino lorhwebo lwangaphandle.Eli nqaku liza kuphonononga ezi mpembelelo kwiimbono ze-maritime dynamics kunye ne-RCEP.

I-Maritime Dynamics

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ishishini lolwandle liye latshintsha kakhulu.Ukuqhambuka kobhubhane kubangele imicelimngeni emikhulu kwikhonkco lobonelelo lwehlabathi, kube nefuthe elibi kwezothutho lwaselwandle, eyona ndlela iphambili yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.Nanga amanye amanqaku aphambili malunga neentshukumo zaselwandle zakutsha nje:

1. Ukuguquguquka kweRhafu yoThutho: Ngexesha lobhubhani, imiba efana nokungonelanga komthamo wokuthuthwa kwenqanawa, ukuxinana kwezibuko, kunye nokunqongophala kweebhokisi kukhokelele kuguquko olukhulu kumaxabiso omthwalo.Amaxabiso kwezinye iindlela ade afikelela kwimbali ephezulu, nto leyo eyenza imiceli mngeni enzima kulawulo lweendleko kumashishini aphuma kumazwe angaphandle nangaphandle.
2. Ukuxinana kwePort: Amazibuko amakhulu ehlabathi njengeLos Angeles, iLong Beach, kunye neShanghai afumene ingxinano enkulu.Amaxesha amade okuhlala imithwalo anemijikelo eyandisiweyo yonikezelo, echaphazela ulawulo lwesixokelelwano sobonelelo kumashishini.
3. IMimiselo yokusiNgqongileyo: I-International Maritime Organisation (IMO) ibiqinisa imimiselo yokusingqongileyo malunga nokukhutshwa kweenqanawa, ifuna ukuba iinqanawa zinciphise ukukhutshwa kwesalfure.Le migaqo iye yabangela ukuba iinkampani ezithumela ngenqanawa zonyuse utyalo-mali lwendalo esingqongileyo, nto leyo eqhubela phambili ukunyusa iindleko zokusebenza.

Ukuphunyezwa ngokusesikweni kwe-RCEP

I-RCEP sisivumelwano sorhwebo lwasimahla esisayinwe ngamazwe alishumi e-ASEAN kunye neTshayina, iJapan, iSouth Korea, i-Australia kunye neNew Zealand.Iqale ukusebenza ngokusesikweni nge-1 kaJanuwari 2022. Ibandakanya malunga ne-30% yabemi behlabathi kunye ne-GDP, i-RCEP sesona sivumelwano sikhulu sorhwebo lwasimahla kwihlabathi.Ukuphunyezwa kwayo kuzisa iimpembelelo ezininzi ezilungileyo kushishino lwezorhwebo lwangaphandle:

1. Ukucuthwa koMrhumo: Amazwe angamalungu e-RCEP azibophelele ekususeni ngokuthe ngcembe ngaphezulu kwe-90% yeerhafu ngexesha elithile.Oku kuya kunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokungenisa elizweni kunye nezokuthumela ngaphandle kumashishini, komeleza ukukhuphisana kwemveliso kumazwe ngamazwe.
2. IMithetho eManyeneyo yeMvelaphi: I-RCEP isebenzisa imithetho emanyeneyo yemvelaphi, yenza lula kwaye yenze ulawulo lwekhonkco lonikezelo lwemida phakathi kommandla lusebenze ngakumbi.Oku kuya kukhuthaza ukuququzelelwa korhwebo phakathi kommandla kunye nokuphucula impumelelo yorhwebo.
3. Ukufikelela kwiMarike: Amazwe angamalungu e-RCEP azibophelele ekuvuleni ngakumbi iimarike zawo kwimimandla efana norhwebo ngeenkonzo, utyalo-mali, kunye nepropathi yomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda.Oku kuya kubonelela ngamathuba angakumbi kumashishini ukuba atyale imali kwaye andise iimarike zawo ngaphakathi kommandla, ukuwanceda ukuba adibane ngcono kwimarike yehlabathi.

Intsebenziswano phakathi kweMaritime Dynamics kunye neRCEP

Njengeyona ndlela iphambili yothutho lorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, iintshukumo zaselwandle zinempembelelo ngokuthe ngqo kwiindleko zokusebenza kunye nokufaneleka kolungiselelo lwamashishini orhwebo lwangaphandle.Ukuphunyezwa kwe-RCEP, ngokunciphisa imirhumo kunye nemithetho yorhwebo eyenziwe lula, kuya kunciphisa ngokusebenzayo uxinzelelo lweendleko zaselwandle kwaye kwandise ukukhuphisana kwamashishini kumazwe ngamazwe.

Umzekelo, kunye ne-RCEP esebenzayo, imiqobo yorhwebo ngaphakathi kwingingqi iyancitshiswa, ivumela amashishini ukuba akhethe ngokulula iindlela zothutho kunye namahlakani, ngokwenjenjalo kunyuswa ulawulo lwesixokelelwano sobonelelo.Kwangaxeshanye, ukucuthwa kwamaxabiso kunye nokuvulwa kweemarike kunika amandla amatsha ekukhuleni kwemfuno yothutho lwaselwandle, okubangela ukuba iinkampani zeenqanawa ziphucule umgangatho wenkonzo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

Ukuqukumbela

Utshintsho lwaselwandle kunye nokuphunyezwa ngokusemthethweni kwe-RCEP kube nefuthe elibonakalayo kurhwebo lwangaphandle kushishino lwezothutho kunye neembono zomgaqo-nkqubo.Amashishini orhwebo lwangaphandle kufuneka abeke iliso elibukhali kutshintsho kwimarike yaselwandle, alawule ngokufanelekileyo iindleko zolungiselelo, kwaye aziphakamisile ngokupheleleyo iinzuzo zomgaqo-nkqubo eziziswe yi-RCEP ukwandisa iimarike zabo kunye nokwandisa ukhuphiswano.Kungale ndlela kuphela abanokuthi bahlale bengoyiswanga kukhuphiswano lwehlabathi.

Ndiyathemba ukuba eli nqaku libonelela ngolwazi oluluncedo kumashishini orhwebo lwangaphandle ekujonganeni nemingeni kunye namathuba aziswa yi-maritime dynamics kunye nokuphunyezwa kwe-RCEP.